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======Books======

====The Complexity of Cooperation====

===Evolving New Strategies===
Axelrod tournament. 
Genetic algorithm (Holland 92). Gens implementing a "decision tree" that indicates the 
strategy given the last three payoffs. The strategies always evolve to something near
TFT. Sexual reproduction helps the search process.

===Coping with Noise===
Axelrod tournament with 1% of noise (invert one's action).
//Ecological simulation//: the fraction in the
next generation will be proportional to that's rule score in the previous
generation.
//Generosity//: there is a chance of not escalating if the opponent escalates in the
previous round.
//Contriction//: cooperate after the others defects in response to one's 
defection (that can arise because of the noise), contrite.
 CTFT is better than GTFT is better than GPavlov is better than Pavlov.

===An Evolutionary Approach to Norms===
n-player game. //A norm exists in a given social setting to the extent that individuals 
usually act in a certain way and are often punished when seen not to be acting in this way.//

When somebody escalates, the other players may perceive and then punish. It leads to
cooperation some times, but not always. But, if the observer that does not punish
can be punished by another player (a //metanorm//), the model always converge to a coperative
and almost always punishing behaviour.

===Choosing sides===
Theory of landscapes. Two groups where each agent belongs to one of them. Each turn, one
agent may exchange its group in order to enhance its satisfability. Each pair of agents has
a symmetric satisfability value.

The main purpose of ABM is not prediction but a deeper understanding of how fundamental
social process operate.

=====The Geometry of Ecological Interactions: Simplifying Spatial Complexity=====

====Games on Grids====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/nowak_games_grids_00.pdf|M. Nowak]]

Axelrod views neighbors as role models whose behaviour can be imitated. Or differently: each cell
being taken over by an offspring of the previous owner or of one of the neighbours, depending on 
who did best in the previous generation - a kind of colonization.

====Wave Patterns in Spatial Games and the Evolution of Cooperation====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/ferriere_wave_patterns_00.pdf|R. Ferriere and R. E. Michod]]

=====Dynamics in human and primate societies=====

====The evolution of cooperation in an echological context: and agent-based model====
//J. W. Pepper and B. B. Smuts, p.45//

====Anti-chaos, common property, and the emergence of cooperation====

====Wave Patterns in Spatial Games and the Evolution of Cooperation====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/ferriere.pdf|Régis Ferrière and Richard E. Michod]]

====Trajectories to Complexity in Artificial Societies: Rationality, Belief, and Emotions====
//J. E. Doran//

Agent-based artificial societies at least enable us to examine the coherence of the various
theories of the origins of sotial complexity that have been proposed, while including
details of cognitive processing. It may be even possible to gain original insights.
The complexity of the system as a whole has made it very difficult to achieve a comprehennsive
understanding of its behaviour by systematic experimentation.

Artificial societies are tipically heavily parameterized, with explicit parameters merely the
"tip of the iceberg" of implicit assumptions.
Among the relevant cultural beliefs that habitually and, perhaps wrongly, are taken for granted
are [...] that rationality is the ideal and the norm.

=====Meeting the Challenge of Complexity=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/LUCCworkshop2001.pdf|Proceedings of a Special Workshop on Land-Use/Land-Cover Change, 2001]]
Eds. D. C. Parker and T. Berger and S. M. Manson

====Why I no longer work with agents: a challenge for abms of human-environment interactions====
//H. Couclelis//

=====Evolution and the theory of Games=====
//J. M. Smith//

``But if there are three or more pure strategies, there may be no ESS.'' (p. 19)
 Problem with his model: ``Individuals do not move far from far from where they were born.'' (p. 20)
Bourgeois: if owner play Hawk, otherwise play dove (p. 22) 
Stable Strategies: ESS (Evolutionary), DSS (Developmentally), CSS (Culturally)

=====Games of Life=====
//K. Sigmund//

Must the offsprinf inherit the same strategy? Not necessarily. It need not be innate in the first place [...]
other ways of spreading are conceivable - spreading by imitation [...] or by infection (p. 169)

a population may seem to exhibit highly variable behaviour, although all its members adopt the same strategy:
if you are weak, retreat; if you are strong, escalate. This strategy is conditional, but //not// mixed. (p. 173)

Reinhard Selten states that in asymmetric games, there can be no evolutionary stable strategies which are mixed.
Essentialy, this is because a strategy can never encounter copies of itself.

M. Smith: only surrender signals allow reliable prediction.

"Escalate if you are owner; if not, not". An intruder should make a stand for it, since this means no real risk.
"Bourgeois": there will be no escalated conflict at all; disputes are settled //as if// by consent.

Recent experiences count more than past.

Sickening as it literally is, this experiment dispels the widely held belief that any stimulus can be used to
teach any response.

=====The Art of War=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/suntzu.txt|Sun Tzu]]

=====The Complexity of Cooperation=====
//Axelrod//

Agent-based modelling as a third way of doing science.

The large-scale effects of locally interacting agents are calles "emergent properties" of the system.

======Thesis======

=====Integrating Urban Economics and Cellular Automata to Model Periurbanisation=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/caruso_thesis_05.pdf|Caruso, 2005]]

=====Nested-CA: A Foundation for Multiscale Modellinf of Land Use and Land Cover Change=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/carneiro_thesis_06.pdf|Carneiro, 2006]]

=====O Nó da Madeira: Modelagem e Simulação Multiagentes da Exploração Madeireira em Rondônia=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/rivero_thesis_04.pdf|Rivero, 2004]]

=====Game Theory and Agents=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/johansson_thesis_99.pdf|Johansson, 1999]]

=====Multi-agent system for simulation of land-use and land cover change: A theoretical framework and its first implementation for an upland watershed in the Central Coast of Vietnam=====
[[http://leg.ufpr.br/~pedro/papers/books/le_thesis_05.pdf|Q. B. Le, 2005]]

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